论文部分内容阅读
一、引言 60年代初,随着计算机技术的发展,一种新的生产管理技术——物料需求计划MRP在全面分析制造业生产库存的特点以后首先在美国发展起来了。MRP使用物料单BOM,将对系统的最终产品的需求展开为对零部件和原材料的需求。在考虑现有存储和生产提前期的前提下,下达制造和采购计划。MRP的应用使制造系统的生产管理真正走上了科学化的轨道。尔后,增加了能力平衡、成本核算、帐务管理、订货管理等功能后,MRP又进一步发展为对企业制造资源进行全面管理的制造资源计划,称为MRP—Ⅱ。 70年代末,在石油危机的冲击下,以消除制造过程中的一切浪费为宗旨的准时生产制JZT,首先在日本丰田汽车制造公司中发展起来了。JZT将制造过程中一切不能增加产品附加价值的因素都视为浪费。JZT缩短装设时间使经济批量被否定,减少存储使制造周期大大缩短,从而给企业带来了巨大的经济效益。
I. INTRODUCTION In the early 1960s, with the development of computer technology, a new production management technology, the Material Requirements Planning (MRP), first developed in the United States after comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of manufacturing production inventories. MRP uses bill of materials (BOM) to develop the demand for the final product of the system as a demand for parts and raw materials. Taking into consideration the existing storage and production lead time, release manufacturing and purchasing plans. The application of MRP has made the production management of the manufacturing system really on a scientific track. Later, after adding capabilities such as capacity balancing, cost accounting, accounting management, and order management, MRP has further developed into a manufacturing resource plan for the overall management of manufacturing resources of enterprises, called MRP-II. In the late 1970s, under the impact of the oil crisis, the JZT, a just-in-time production system aiming at eliminating all waste in the manufacturing process, was first developed in Japan’s Toyota Motor Manufacturing Corporation. JZT considers all factors that cannot increase the added value of products in the manufacturing process as waste. JZT shortens the installation time and negates the economic volume. The reduction of storage shortens the manufacturing cycle and brings huge economic benefits to the company.