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定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重点和难点内容，也是历年高考的热点之一，它以句中关系词为主要测试点。这些关系词，在实际运用之中，极易混淆。在此将这些关系词集中归类比较辨析如下：
一、 关系词who, whom, that代指先行词“人”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词who, that代指先行词“人”，在定语从句中可作主语、表语或宾语，而whom只可用作宾语。
例One who works hard without complain is welcome here.
Those who want to go camping have signed their names here.
二、which和that代指先行词“物”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词which, that代指先行词“物”，在定语从句中可作主语、表语或宾语等。
例 Ask any questions( that ) you don’t understand. This is the very pen ( that ) I’m looking for.
Last week my mother bought me a new coat that/which is blue and that/which fits me well.
三、 关系词which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法辨析
关系词which和as引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，可以是表示某一个物的名词，也可以是指代主句的整体内容。在句中可作主语或宾语。which也可作介词宾语，但as则不能。关系词which引导非限制性定语从句与主句之间在意义上多有并列关系。which本身常表示“这”或“这一点”，一般只能置于主句之后。关系词as 引导非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文关系。as 本身含有“正如……”之意，常置于主句之前、之后或插入主句之中。
例The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.
As everyone can see, she is studying hard so as to pass the final exams.
四、关系词whose, of whom, of which引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词whose, of whom, of which在定语从句中，表示所属关系，它们就像形容词性物主代词one’s一样与名词连用，whose 既可指代人又可指代物；of whom 只可指代人，而 of which 只可指代物。
例 John bought me much bread, little of which tastes good.
Ten students of our class were praised by the headmaster at the school meeting, of whom Wang Hong is one.
五、 关系词when, that(which)指代先行词“时间”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词when代指表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+which。
例I shall never forget those years when(in which) I lived with the farmers in the countryside.
In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30, when (by which time ) many people have gone home.
六、 关系词where, that(which)代指先行词“地点” 引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词where代指表示“地点”的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+ which 。
例Would you please put the book back where it should be?（注：该句不可用in which替代where）
Can you tell me where Wang Fang was born?
七、 关系词why, that (which)代指先行词“原因”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词why代指表示“原因”的先行词，在定语从句中作状语，也可用介词for + which，如果作主语或宾语时，用that (which)连接主从句。
例 The reason why he did so is unknown to us.
This is why he was killed.
【临战演练】
1. Do you know the comrade_______ spoke at the meeting just now?
2. I’ll hire the man _______ they say is a good English teacher.
3. My cousin, _______is an engineer, went to America last month.
4. He______ does no work gets no pay.
5. There is someone _______ is waiting for you at the school gate.
6. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______she could turn for help.
7. He is a man with rich experience, ______ we can learn a lot from.
8. Zhang Hai is the person _______you think to be worthy of our praise.
9. His writing contains little_______ is new but much ______ is old.
10. I have read all the books________ you lent me.
11. I like English very much, _______ is a bridge to so much knowledge.
12. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect.
13. _____ was reported, the serious accident at the crossing was caused by carelessness.
14. The desk _______ legs Tom broke yesterday has been repaired.
15. The doctor, _______help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients.
16. Those foreign teachers, most _______ had never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.
17. He gave me many books, none _______ was interesting.
18. There are many islands in China, _______ Taiwan is the largest one.
19. Do you still remember the day______ you first came to Beijing？
20. We shall put off the meeting until next week, _______ we won’t be so busy.
21. 1979 _______ was full of sadness will never be forgotten.
22. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ______he grew up as a child.
23. I’ll take you to a newly-opened market_____ covers about 500 square metres.
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory______ you visited last week?
25. She doesn’t know the reason ______ he would like to join them.
26. The reason _______is explained to us by Joan sounds reasonable.
【答案与辨析】
1． who/that. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词 （本句指the comrade），在限制性定语从句中作主语时，用 who连接主从句，也可用that。但关系代词不可省略。
2． who. 关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指the man），在限制性定语从句中又作另一宾语从句的主语时，常用关系词who连接主从句。关系代词不可省略。
3． who. 当关系代词指代表示人的先行词（本句指my cousin）,在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，只可用关系代词who 连接主从句，不可用that连接。
4． who. 当关系代词代指的先行词为代词he, they,指示代词those或不定代词one, ones, anyone时，常用关系代词who连接主从句。
5. who.当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指someone），在there be句型结构中，要用关系代词who连接主从句。
6. to whom. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指a single person），在限制性定语从句中作动词短语（本句为turn to）的介词宾语时，用 whom。
7. whom. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指a man），在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常用whom连接主从句且不省略。
8. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指the person），在限制性定语从句中作宾语后接宾语补足语，常用关系词whom连接主从句且不省略。
9. that；that. 当关系代词代指的先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, few等不定代词时，常用关系代词that。
10. that. 当关系代词代指的先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, only, very等修饰时常用关系代词that连接主从句。作宾语，可省略。
11. which. 当关系词代指的先行词为一名词（本句指English），在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，常用which连接主从句且不可省略。（注：不可用that连接）
12. which. 当关系词代指前面主句的整个内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，常用which 连接主从句且不可省略。（注：不可用that连接）
13. as. 当非限制性定语从句置于句首，且含有“正如……”时，常用关系词as连接主从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式中：as is known to us all (as we all know),as is said/reported/announced/expected, as has happened, as we hope, as we can see等。这些结构，可用于主句前、后或插入主句中。
14. whose. 当关系词代指表示的先行词(本句指the desk)在定语从句中作定语，要用关系词whose +名词连接主从句（注：不可用which）。但可以用of which转换。本句还可表达为：The desk of which the legs (the legs of which) Tom broke yesterday has been repaired.
15. with whose. 关系词在从句中做定语，形成“whose+名词”并做介词宾语，用“介词+whose+名词”这样的结构。
16. of whom. 当定语从句的主语是一些表示整体与部分的代词，如some, most, many, few, much, little等时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
17. of which. 当定语从句的主语是同位关系的代词如all, none, both, neither, each, either等时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
18. of which. 当关系词在定语从句中作表语的定语时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
19． when. 当关系词代指表示时间的先行词（本句指the day），在定语从句中作时间状语，（相当于on the day），要用关系词when或on which连接。
20． when. 关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，（本句相当于during next week）。故要用关系词when或during which time连接主从句。
21. that (which). 当关系词代指表示时间的先行词（本句指1979），在定语从句中作主语，这时，故要用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用when连接。
22. where. 关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，（本句相当于in(at) the small town）。要用关系词where或介词+which连接主从句。
23. that(which). 关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that或which，不可用where连接。
24. that (which). 当关系词代指表示地点的先行词（本句指the factory），在定语从句中作宾语，故要用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用where连接。
25. why. 当关系词代指表示原因的先行词，在从句中作原因状语，用why或for which。该句还可以去掉先行词the reason直接用连接词why来连接宾语从句：She doesn’t know why he would like to join them. 类似的由why引导的名词性从句还有主语从句：Why he did so is unknown to us. =定语从句：The reason why he did so is unknown to us.
26. that (which). 当关系词代指表示原因的先行词（本句指the reason），在定语从句中作主语，用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用why连接。
一、 关系词who, whom, that代指先行词“人”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词who, that代指先行词“人”，在定语从句中可作主语、表语或宾语，而whom只可用作宾语。
例One who works hard without complain is welcome here.
Those who want to go camping have signed their names here.
二、which和that代指先行词“物”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词which, that代指先行词“物”，在定语从句中可作主语、表语或宾语等。
例 Ask any questions( that ) you don’t understand. This is the very pen ( that ) I’m looking for.
Last week my mother bought me a new coat that/which is blue and that/which fits me well.
三、 关系词which和as引导非限制性定语从句用法辨析
关系词which和as引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，可以是表示某一个物的名词，也可以是指代主句的整体内容。在句中可作主语或宾语。which也可作介词宾语，但as则不能。关系词which引导非限制性定语从句与主句之间在意义上多有并列关系。which本身常表示“这”或“这一点”，一般只能置于主句之后。关系词as 引导非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文关系。as 本身含有“正如……”之意，常置于主句之前、之后或插入主句之中。
例The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.
As everyone can see, she is studying hard so as to pass the final exams.
四、关系词whose, of whom, of which引导定语从句用法辨析
关系词whose, of whom, of which在定语从句中，表示所属关系，它们就像形容词性物主代词one’s一样与名词连用，whose 既可指代人又可指代物；of whom 只可指代人，而 of which 只可指代物。
例 John bought me much bread, little of which tastes good.
Ten students of our class were praised by the headmaster at the school meeting, of whom Wang Hong is one.
五、 关系词when, that(which)指代先行词“时间”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词when代指表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+which。
例I shall never forget those years when(in which) I lived with the farmers in the countryside.
In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30, when (by which time ) many people have gone home.
六、 关系词where, that(which)代指先行词“地点” 引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词where代指表示“地点”的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+ which 。
例Would you please put the book back where it should be?（注：该句不可用in which替代where）
Can you tell me where Wang Fang was born?
七、 关系词why, that (which)代指先行词“原因”引导定语从句用法辨析
关系副词why代指表示“原因”的先行词，在定语从句中作状语，也可用介词for + which，如果作主语或宾语时，用that (which)连接主从句。
例 The reason why he did so is unknown to us.
This is why he was killed.
【临战演练】
1. Do you know the comrade_______ spoke at the meeting just now?
2. I’ll hire the man _______ they say is a good English teacher.
3. My cousin, _______is an engineer, went to America last month.
4. He______ does no work gets no pay.
5. There is someone _______ is waiting for you at the school gate.
6. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______she could turn for help.
7. He is a man with rich experience, ______ we can learn a lot from.
8. Zhang Hai is the person _______you think to be worthy of our praise.
9. His writing contains little_______ is new but much ______ is old.
10. I have read all the books________ you lent me.
11. I like English very much, _______ is a bridge to so much knowledge.
12. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect.
13. _____ was reported, the serious accident at the crossing was caused by carelessness.
14. The desk _______ legs Tom broke yesterday has been repaired.
15. The doctor, _______help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients.
16. Those foreign teachers, most _______ had never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.
17. He gave me many books, none _______ was interesting.
18. There are many islands in China, _______ Taiwan is the largest one.
19. Do you still remember the day______ you first came to Beijing？
20. We shall put off the meeting until next week, _______ we won’t be so busy.
21. 1979 _______ was full of sadness will never be forgotten.
22. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ______he grew up as a child.
23. I’ll take you to a newly-opened market_____ covers about 500 square metres.
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory______ you visited last week?
25. She doesn’t know the reason ______ he would like to join them.
26. The reason _______is explained to us by Joan sounds reasonable.
【答案与辨析】
1． who/that. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词 （本句指the comrade），在限制性定语从句中作主语时，用 who连接主从句，也可用that。但关系代词不可省略。
2． who. 关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指the man），在限制性定语从句中又作另一宾语从句的主语时，常用关系词who连接主从句。关系代词不可省略。
3． who. 当关系代词指代表示人的先行词（本句指my cousin）,在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，只可用关系代词who 连接主从句，不可用that连接。
4． who. 当关系代词代指的先行词为代词he, they,指示代词those或不定代词one, ones, anyone时，常用关系代词who连接主从句。
5. who.当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指someone），在there be句型结构中，要用关系代词who连接主从句。
6. to whom. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指a single person），在限制性定语从句中作动词短语（本句为turn to）的介词宾语时，用 whom。
7. whom. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指a man），在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常用whom连接主从句且不省略。
8. 当关系代词代指表示人的先行词（本句指the person），在限制性定语从句中作宾语后接宾语补足语，常用关系词whom连接主从句且不省略。
9. that；that. 当关系代词代指的先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, few等不定代词时，常用关系代词that。
10. that. 当关系代词代指的先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, only, very等修饰时常用关系代词that连接主从句。作宾语，可省略。
11. which. 当关系词代指的先行词为一名词（本句指English），在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，常用which连接主从句且不可省略。（注：不可用that连接）
12. which. 当关系词代指前面主句的整个内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，常用which 连接主从句且不可省略。（注：不可用that连接）
13. as. 当非限制性定语从句置于句首，且含有“正如……”时，常用关系词as连接主从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式中：as is known to us all (as we all know),as is said/reported/announced/expected, as has happened, as we hope, as we can see等。这些结构，可用于主句前、后或插入主句中。
14. whose. 当关系词代指表示的先行词(本句指the desk)在定语从句中作定语，要用关系词whose +名词连接主从句（注：不可用which）。但可以用of which转换。本句还可表达为：The desk of which the legs (the legs of which) Tom broke yesterday has been repaired.
15. with whose. 关系词在从句中做定语，形成“whose+名词”并做介词宾语，用“介词+whose+名词”这样的结构。
16. of whom. 当定语从句的主语是一些表示整体与部分的代词，如some, most, many, few, much, little等时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
17. of which. 当定语从句的主语是同位关系的代词如all, none, both, neither, each, either等时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
18. of which. 当关系词在定语从句中作表语的定语时，不能用关系词whose连接主从句，只能用of whom(指人)，of which（指物）连接主从句。
19． when. 当关系词代指表示时间的先行词（本句指the day），在定语从句中作时间状语，（相当于on the day），要用关系词when或on which连接。
20． when. 关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，（本句相当于during next week）。故要用关系词when或during which time连接主从句。
21. that (which). 当关系词代指表示时间的先行词（本句指1979），在定语从句中作主语，这时，故要用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用when连接。
22. where. 关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，（本句相当于in(at) the small town）。要用关系词where或介词+which连接主从句。
23. that(which). 关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that或which，不可用where连接。
24. that (which). 当关系词代指表示地点的先行词（本句指the factory），在定语从句中作宾语，故要用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用where连接。
25. why. 当关系词代指表示原因的先行词，在从句中作原因状语，用why或for which。该句还可以去掉先行词the reason直接用连接词why来连接宾语从句：She doesn’t know why he would like to join them. 类似的由why引导的名词性从句还有主语从句：Why he did so is unknown to us. =定语从句：The reason why he did so is unknown to us.
26. that (which). 当关系词代指表示原因的先行词（本句指the reason），在定语从句中作主语，用关系词that或which连接主从句。不可用why连接。