目的了解某医院住院患者医院感染基本情况,为有效预防医院感染发生提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对某教学医院的住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果实查当日住院患者4 249例,查出医院感染患者118例、125例次,医院感染现患率为2.78%、例次感染率为2.94%。医院感染患者主要分布于重症监护病房;感染部位以下呼吸道居首位,占50.40%。调查当日抗菌药物使用率为45.35%,抗菌药物使用前病原菌送检率为29.10%。检出病原菌中以革兰阴性菌为主,构成比为71.11%,真菌感染居其次,革兰阳性菌检出率居第三位。结论该医院住院患者医院感染率处于可控状态,主要感染病原菌为革兰阴性菌,应提高病原菌标本送检率。 Objective To understand the basic situation of nosocomial infection in inpatients in a hospital and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention of nosocomial infections. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in a teaching hospital. Results A total of 4 249 hospitalized patients were found on the day of investigation, 118 cases of hospital infection were detected, 125 cases were detected. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 2.78%. The infection rate was 2.94%. Patients with nosocomial infections were mainly located in the ICU; the respiratory tract below the infected site was the first, accounting for 50.40%. The antibacterial drug utilization rate was 45.35% on the day of investigation, and the rate of pathogenic bacteria was 29.10% before antibacterial drugs were used. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens, accounting for 71.11% of the total, with the highest fungal infection rate and the third highest rate of Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion The inpatient hospital infection rate in this hospital is in a controllable state. The main infectious pathogens are Gram-negative bacteria, and the rate of pathogen specimens should be improved.