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获得性免疫缺陷综合征(艾滋病,AIDS)是从人传播给人的病毒性(HIV)疾病,感染的危险性与病原体的数量有关,在感染的第一周和严重艾滋病的晚期病原体数最高。带有大量病原体的感染性血液具有高度危险性(>90％)。精子在感染性来源中占第二位,性接触是全世界最主要的传播途径。同性恋男性是最受危害的人群,但是,在全球的许多地区异性间的传播正在增长。静脉药瘾可因共用注射用具传播疾病。血液和血液制品在一些严格管理的国家已经不是疾病传播的主要来源,只是在极其例外的情况下才是感染的原因,医疗机构如果在护理上严格遵守消毒措施,传播疾病的危险性很小。昆虫并无感染性。人与人日常生活接触实际上不存在感染危险性,共用衣物、茶杯、在同一游泳池游泳或浴室蒸气浴和接吻也无危险性小心的应用阴茎套可以预防HIV感染。
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a viral (HIV) disease that is transmitted from human to human and the risk of infection is related to the number of pathogens. The number of late pathogens is highest in the first week of infection and in severe AIDS. Infectious blood with a large number of pathogens is highly dangerous (> 90%). Sperm accounts for the second most infectious source of sexual contact is the world’s most important route of transmission. Homosexual men are the most at-risk populations, but heterosexual transmission is growing in many parts of the world. Intravenous drug addiction can be spread by sharing injecting equipment. Blood and blood products are no longer the main source of disease transmission in some strictly regulated countries. They are the cause of infection only with extreme exceptions. Medical institutions that have strict compliance with disinfection practices in their care are at a very low risk of transmitting the disease. Insects are not infectious. There is virtually no danger of infection from people’s daily life, sharing of clothing, cups, swimming in the same pool, or steam bathing in a bathroom and kissing without danger. Careful application of the condom can prevent HIV infection.