A study of the fundamental properties of high-energy-density (HED) matter is of considerable important as it has wide application to various branches of the bas
A highly charged ion (HCI) has a large potential energy, which is equal to the binding energies of all the elec-trons removed to create the ion. When such a slo
The CsI(Tl)crystal is regarded as all-important material for its excellent characters in high-energy physics experiments and used as the electro-magnetic calori