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通过调查中国北京地区和日本横滨地区青少年对错(牙合)畸形的认知情况,探讨不同地区青少年对正畸治疗的理解和认识差异.方法对中国北京地区5500名青少年和日本横滨地区4646名青少年进行关于错(牙合)畸形认知情况的问卷调查,并进行χ检验.结果北京地区回收问卷3964份(72.1%),横滨地区回收问卷3291份(70.8%).北京地区已行正畸治疗的青少年为753例(19.0%),横滨地区为467例(14.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).79.2%已行正畸治疗的横滨青少年认为做正畸治疗好,比北京(66.0%)高.不同年龄段横滨青少年对正畸治疗需较长时间的了解程度均高于同年龄段北京青少年.与北京青少年(494名,65.7%)相比,更高比例的横滨青少年(370名,78.6%)认为(牙合)畸形会对面部健康带来不利影响.结论横滨地区行正畸治疗的青少年比例比北京地区小,但更多的横滨青少年认为做正畸治疗好,高于北京青少年.横滨青少年对正畸治疗的认知程度高于北京,且横滨青少年更注重错牙(牙合)畸形对面部健康的影响.“,”Objective To compare the attitudes toward orthodontic treatment between adolescents in Beijing, China and in Yokohama, Japan. Methods Standardized questionnaires were sent to 5500 adolescents in Beijing, China and 4646 adolescents in Yokohama, Japan. The data were analyzed statistically. Results In Beijing, 3964 questionnaires were returned (72.1%) while in Yokohama, 3291 questionnaires were completed (70.8% ). About 19.0% of the students had completed or were undergoing orthodontic treatment in Beijing while the corresponding figure was about 14.2% in Yokohama( P <0.001 ). A higher percentage of Japanese adolescents (79.2%) valued orthodontic treatment while 66.0% of the Chinese adolescents did. The adolescents in Yokohama had more knowledge about the period of orthodontic treatment than the adolescents in Beijing. A higher percentage of Japanese adolescents(78.6%) considered that malocclusion might influence the dental health than Chinese adolescents (65.7%) did. Conclusions Less percentage of the adolescents in Yokohama received orthodontic treatment than those in Beijing, The percentage of Japanese adolescents satisfied with orthodontic treatment was significantly higher than that of Chinese adolescents. The adolescents in Yokohama had more knowledge about orthodontic treatment than those in Beijing. A higher percentage of Japanese adolescents considered that malocclusion might influence the dental health.