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目的了解集中连片贫困地区初中生健康素养水平及影响因素,为贫困地区中学生有效开展健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层抽样方法,对内蒙古自治区集中连片贫困地区7所中学2 013名初中生的健康素养及身体活动水平进行问卷调查。结果学生具备健康素养的总体比例为19.67%,城镇学校学生高于农村学生,女生高于男生,初一学生高于其他年级学生,随着身体活动水平的提高而增高(P值均<0.05)。具备基本知识与技能、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能素养的比例分别为17.04%,22.65%和77.55%,且不同学校、性别、年级、民族所表现的比例特征基本相似。身体活动水平的平均值为(10.84±2.36)分,身体活动水平低级、中级、高级所具备健康素养比例分别为7.92%,16.22%和29.40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论集中连片贫困地区初中生具备健康素养总体水平偏低,身体活动水平、学校、性别、年级是影响健康素养的因素。加强学校体育活动,提高学生身体活动水平是提升学生健康素养的有效途径。
Objective To understand the health literacy and its influencing factors of junior high school students in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas and provide the basis for effective health education among middle school students in impoverished areas. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy and physical activity level of 2 013 middle school students in 7 middle schools in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Results The overall percentage of students with health literacy was 19.67%. Students in urban schools were higher than those in rural areas. The number of girls was higher than that of boys. The number of students in primary school was higher than that of students in other grades. The level of physical activity increased (P <0.05) . The proportions of students with basic knowledge and skills, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and health skill attainments were 17.04%, 22.65% and 77.55%, respectively. The proportions of the students who had basic knowledge and skills, schooling, gender, grade and ethnicity were similar. The average level of physical activity was (10.84 ± 2.36) points, and the level of physical activity was 7.92%, 16.22% and 29.40%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Junior high school students in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas have lower overall level of health literacy, physical activity level, school, sex and grade are the factors affecting health literacy. To strengthen school physical activities and improve students ’physical activity is an effective way to improve students’ health literacy.