章士钊、杜亚泉对“新旧调和”有很系统的理论论证 ,他们辨析了东西与新旧、是非与新旧的关系 ,界定了“新旧调和”的含义、原则和方法 ,并援引进化论作为自己的哲学基础。虽然他们的认识也存在缺陷 ,但并非一味复古 ,也非排斥新思想 ,而是主张以重视实践、自由和理性的态度来处理思想文化问题 ,所以应给予他们一定的“同情的理解”。 Zhang Shizhao and Du Yaquan have very systematic theoretical argumentation on the reconciliation of old and new. They have analyzed the relationship between things and old and new, the relationship between old and new, the meaning, principle and method of reconciliation between old and new, and cited the theory of evolution as their own philosophical foundation. Although they have flaws in their understanding, they do not blindly retroize or reject new ideas. Instead, they advocate dealing with ideological and cultural issues with an emphasis on practice, freedom and rationality. Therefore, they should be given some “sympathetic understanding.”