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幼儿事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）对研究儿童心理发展有重要意义，因试验难度大，国内外至今未见报道。本研究以４～５岁幼儿为研究对象，用母亲照片和陌生女人照片按一定概率编排成刺激序列，分别在三个试验中成功诱发ＥＲＰ。结果证明幼儿Ｐ３平均潜伏期符合成人Ｐ３定义范围；幼儿Ｐ３潜伏期Ｆｚ长于Ｐｚ、Ｏｚ；无任务Ｐ３潜伏期短于任务Ｐ３；高度选择注意时Ｐ３潜伏期长；再认母亲与再认指定陌生人照片Ｐ３潜伏期无显著差异，是幼儿记忆发育良好的表现。反应时间长于Ｐ３潜伏期可以做为幼儿思维支配行为的佐证。
Children’s event-related potential (ERP) is of great significance for the study of children’s psychological development. Due to the difficulty of testing, so far no reports have been reported at home and abroad. In this study, 4 to 5-year-old children as the research object, with a photo of mothers and strange women photos arranged to a certain probability sequence of stimulation, respectively, in three trials successfully induced ERP. The results showed that P3 mean incubation period of young children accorded with the definition range of adult P3; P3 latency of young children was longer than that of Pz and Oz; latency of P3 was shorter than task P3; P3 latency was longer when attention selective; No significant difference, is a good manifestation of childhood memory development. Response time longer than the P3 latency can be used as evidence that children’s thinking dominated behavior.