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半导体纳米材料具有独特的光学性质,在过去的近二十年中引起了人们的广泛关注。其中研究最多的是半导体量子点。与传统的有机染色剂相比,表面充分钝化的量子点具有激发光谱宽,发射光谱窄且对称,最大发射波长位置可调,不易光解的特点,因此可以作为荧光探针对生物样品和细胞进行成功染色。若表面未加充分钝化,则量子点的荧光特性对周围环境的变化非常敏感,这是此类荧光探针检测无机离子、蛋白质、DNA的理论基础。本文综述了量子点在荧光染色剂和荧光探针中的应用,并对其存在问题和应用前景进行了分析讨论。
The unique optical properties of semiconducting nanomaterials have drawn much attention in the last two decades. One of the most studied is the semiconductor quantum dots. Compared with the traditional organic dyes, the fully passivated quantum dots on the surface have the characteristics of broad excitation spectrum, narrow and symmetric emission spectrum, adjustable maximum emission wavelength and poor photolysis. Therefore, it can be used as fluorescence probe for biological samples and Cells are successfully stained. If the surface is not fully passivated, the fluorescence characteristics of the quantum dots are very sensitive to the changes of the surrounding environment, which is the theoretical basis for the detection of inorganic ions, proteins and DNA by such fluorescent probes. This review summarizes the application of quantum dots in fluorescent dyes and fluorescent probes, and discusses the existing problems and application prospects.