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通过Pro-CAST有限元软件模拟了高性能轴承钢真空自耗熔炼过程的温度场、熔池形貌和微观组织,研究了真空自耗铸锭组织演变规律,探究了温度场、熔池形貌对组织生长的影响。熔炼结束后,对真空自耗铸锭进行解剖酸洗以验证模拟结果。研究表明:模拟结果与实验结果吻合,铸锭组织形貌为贯穿铸锭中心的细长柱状晶,真空自耗铸锭的底部、边部和凝固末端有小面积等轴晶。柱状晶的生长带有明显的择优取向,底部柱状晶取向为垂直向上,中上部为斜向上。熔池深度越大,斜向上角度越小;熔池形貌对铸锭组织形貌影响显著,通过控制熔炼参数控制好熔池形貌能有效提高铸锭质量。
Through Pro-CAST finite element software, the temperature field, melt pool morphology and microstructure of vacuum consumable melting process of high performance bearing steel were simulated. The microstructure evolution of vacuum consumable ingot was studied. The effects of temperature field, Impact on tissue growth. After the smelting, the vacuum consumable ingot was dissected pickled to verify the simulation results. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The morphology of the ingot is elongated columnar crystal which runs through the center of the ingot. The bottom of the ingot with vacuum consumable ingot has small area equiaxed grains at the edge and the solidification end. The growth of columnar crystals with obvious preferred orientation, the bottom columnar crystal orientation is vertical upward, middle and upper oblique. The larger the depth of the pool, the smaller the angle in the oblique direction. The morphology of the weld pool has a significant effect on the morphology of the ingot. Controlling the shape of the weld pool by controlling the melting parameters can effectively improve the ingot quality.