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目的建立中国中小学生视力保健行为评定常模,为科学合理地评价中小学生的视力保健行为提供参考。方法在全国12个省市抽取城乡中小学生47 951名,运用“中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”进行问卷调查,描述中小学生视力保健行为得分的P10,P25,P50,P75和P90分布。结果建立了一~三年级、四~六年级和七~九年级“中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”各维度和总体得分的P10,P25,P50,P75和P90。以P90作为中小学生视力保健行为状况良好划界值,一~三年级和四~六年级学生视力保健行为良好率女生高于男生;四~六年级和七~九年级学生视力保健行为良好率东部高于中部和西部,四~六年级和七~九年级学生视力保健行为良好率城市高于农村,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。以P10作为中小学生视力保健行为状况不良划界值,一~三年级、四~六年级和七~九年级学生视力保健行为不良率男生高于女生,一~三年级和四~六年级学生视力保健行为不良率东部低于中部和西部;七~九年级学生视力保健行为不良率农村低于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论用全国总体评分的P90和P10作为判定学生视力保健行为总体状况良好与不良的划界值,为不同人群的相关研究提供了可供比较的常模。
Objective To establish a normative model for assessing the health of primary and secondary school students in China, and to provide a reference for the scientific assessment of primary and secondary school students’ vision care. Methods A total of 47 951 primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas were drawn from 12 provinces and cities in the country. The questionnaires were used to describe the distribution of P10, P25, P50, P75 and P90 of primary and secondary school students’ eyesight and health care behavior scores. Results P10, P25, P50, P75 and P90 of all dimensions and overall score of Grade 1 ~ 3, 4 ~ 6, and 7 ~ 9 grades of primary and secondary school students’ eyesight health assessment questionnaire were established. P90 as a good demarcation value of primary and secondary school students ’visual health care behavior, the first to third grade and fourth to sixth grade students’ eyesight good health behavior rate was higher than boys ’; fourth to sixth grade and seventh to ninth grade students’ eyesight health care behavior was good rate east Higher than the central and western regions, four to six grades and seven to ninth grade students good visual health behavior in urban areas than in rural areas, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Taking P10 as the poor demarcation value of primary and secondary school students’ eyesight health care behaviors, the bad health care rate of students in grade one to grade three, grade four to grade six and grade seven to grade nine was higher than that of girl students, Grade one to grade three and grade four to grade six The rate of poor health care in the eastern part was lower than that in the middle and western parts of the country. The bad health care rate of students in grades seven to nine was lower than that in the urban areas (P <0.05). Conclusion The P90 and P10 of the national overall score as the good and bad demarcation value of judging students’ health behaviors of vision provide comparable norm for different groups of people.