机械制造工业上使用的各种类型的数控机床已成功地解决了中、小批零件生产的自动化和复杂零件的加工问题.因此,对数控机床的要求主要体现在两个方面,一是要求在机床的结构设计上有较高的精度保持性;另一是机床的控制系统要能进行自动补偿,其核心就是伺服控制技术.按其控制形式可以分为闭环系统和开环系统。在开环系统中,以步进电机作为主要执行元件最为简单。图1的结构与一般的闭环系统相比较,省去了检测、反馈、比较等环节。但是,这种传动系统的不平稳性和低速性以及机械误差直接影响着运动部件的速度和控制精度.然而,应用微机控制系统可以将 Various types of CNC machine tools used in the machinery manufacturing industry have successfully solved the processing problems of the automation and the complicated parts for the production of small and medium-sized parts, therefore, the requirements of the CNC machine tool are mainly reflected in two aspects, The structural design of the machine has higher accuracy of retention; the other is the machine control system to be able to automatically compensate, the core is the servo control technology. According to its control form can be divided into closed-loop system and open-loop system. In open-loop systems, stepping motors are the simplest actuators. Compared with the general closed-loop system, the structure of Figure 1 eliminates the need for testing, feedback and comparison. However, the instability and low speed of such a transmission system as well as mechanical errors directly affect the speed and accuracy of the moving parts.However, the use of microcomputer control system can be