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美国在二战中所实现的充分就业与30年代大萧条形成鲜明对比,促使充分就业作为战后目标,被提到政府和国会的议事日程中。然而,凯恩斯主义关于运用财政政策作为管理经济手段的理性认识,在美国引起保守主义者和自由主义者的激烈争论,导致《1945年充分就业议案》的失败。《1946年就业法》颁布后,美国政府一直致力于实现就业法所承诺的“最大限度的就业”的目标。由于不让政府承担充分就业的责任,联邦政府不能在劳动力市场扮演重要角色。因而标志着美国追求充分就业政策的立法努力以失败而告终。此后美国虽然数度颁布新的就业法,都没有摆脱《1946年就业法》的束缚。因此,在20世纪,就业政策始终没有成为美国国家宏观经济政策的重要组成部分。
The full employment achieved by the United States in World War II contrasts sharply with the Great Depression of the 1930s, prompting full employment as a post-war goal to be brought to the agenda of the government and parliament. However, the Keynesian rational understanding of the use of fiscal policy as a means of managing the economy has provoked intense debates among conservatives and liberals in the United States, leading to the failure of the “Full Employment Proposal of 1945”. After the enactment of the Employment Act of 1946, the U.S. government has been committed to the goal of “maximum employment” promised by the employment law. The federal government can not play an important role in the labor market by not letting the government assume full employment. Thus marking the failure of the United States legislative efforts to pursue a full employment policy. Since then, although the United States enacted several new employment laws, it failed to get out of the shackles of the Employment Act of 1946. Therefore, in the 20th century, the employment policy has never been an important part of the U.S. national macroeconomic policy.