目的 探讨枸橼酸咖啡因与氨茶碱在早产儿撤机中应用的有效性与安全性.方法 选择佛山市妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护室胎龄为28～32周、机械通气时间＞48 h的早产儿70例,根据治疗措施不同随机分为枸橼酸咖啡因组(n=35)及氨茶碱组(n=35).比较两组患儿撤机成功率以及不良反应发生情况.结果 枸橼酸咖啡因组撤机成功率为85.72％,氨茶碱组撤机成功率为68.57％,枸橼酸咖啡因组早产儿撤机成功率明显高于氨茶碱组,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.85,P=0.016).枸橼酸咖啡因组发生喂养不耐受、心动过速、高血糖、电解质紊乱的例数均显著低于氨茶碱组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患儿的临床结局差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在围拔管期使用枸橼酸咖啡因能显著提高早产儿撤机成功率,同氨茶碱相比,其不良反应发生率较低.“,”Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in the ventilator weaning in preterm infants.Methods Infants born 28～32 weeks gestation who were ventilated for ＞48 h were eligible for the study.70 preterm infants were involved in this study.According to the treatment,the infants were divided into caffeine citrate group (n=35) and aminophylline group (n=35).The incidences of successful ventilator weaning and adverse reactions in the two groups were compared.Results The differences of gestational age,gender,and birth weight between the infants in the two groups were not significant (P＞0.05).30 infants in the caffeine citrate group were ventilator weaned successfully;21 infants in the aminophylline group were ventilator weaned successfully;statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the incidence of successful ventilator weaning between the two groups (x2=5.85,P＜0.05).The incidences of adverse reactions such as feeding intolerance,tachycardia,high blood glucose and electrolyte disturbance were significantly lower in caffeine citrate group than those in the aminophylline group (P＜0.05).The clinical results of the two groups had no significant differences (P＞0.05).Conclusions The use of caffeine citrate before ventilator weaning period of premature neonates could increase the incidence of successful ventilator weaning significantly,the adverse reactions of caffeine citrate were lower than aminophylline.