儒学在先秦时代成为显学,而儒家则是自由主义者。秦汉建立中央集权制度后,儒学与新制度不相适应,儒家受到迫害。汉代儒家对原始儒学进行改造创新, 以不同的方式适应新的社会制度,为社会做出重大贡献, 使儒学受到统治者的独尊。由此引出一些理论的探讨,例如对统治者、统治阶级、剥削阶级、封建文化等都要作出新的分析,应该坚持历史唯物主义和历史辩证法,合理评价人类过去的历史,不能简单否定。 Confucianism became significant in the pre-Qin era, while Confucianism was a liberal. After the establishment of the centralized power system in Qin and Han Dynasties, Confucianism did not adapt to the new system and Confucianism was persecuted. Confucianism in Han Dynasty carried on the reform and innovation of primitive Confucianism, adapted to the new social system in different ways, made a significant contribution to the society and made Confucianism to be the sole respect of rulers. This leads to some theoretical discussions, such as a new analysis of the rulers, ruling classes, exploiting classes and feudal cultures. We should adhere to historical materialism and historical dialectics, and rationally evaluate the past history of mankind. We can not simply refute this.