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目的分析小蓟的花、叶和茎中挥发油的化学成分及其抑菌、止血作用。方法采用超临界二氧化碳萃取,应用GCMS法鉴定挥发油的化学成分,考察其体外抗菌、止血的活性。结果共鉴定166个化合物,花的挥发油中主要有2-乙氧基-3-氯丁烷(16.68%)、二十八烷(12.96%)、甲苯(7.71%)等;叶的挥发油中主要有1,1-二乙氧基乙烷(18.90%)、二十八烷(13.13%)、2,3-丁二醇(13.00%)、二十五烷(10.00%)等;茎的挥发油中主要有甲氧基苯基肟(27.05%)、十六烷酸(14.48%)、3-癸炔-2-醇(12.84%)、仲丁基醚(11.05%)、十四烷酸(10.12%)等。花、叶和茎中不同萃取挥发油对特定病原菌有特殊抑菌效果,其MIC=0.031 mg·m L-1。茎的高剂量挥发油可明显缩短出血和凝血的时间。结论花、叶和茎中挥发油的差异较大,含抑菌和止血成分。
Objective To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oil from flowers, leaves and stems and their antimicrobial and hemostatic effects. Methods The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used. The chemical constituents of volatile oil were identified by GCMS and the antibacterial and hemostatic activities in vitro were investigated. Results A total of 166 compounds were identified. Among them, 2-ethoxy-3-chlorobutane (16.68%), octacosane (12.96%) and toluene (7.71% There are 1,1-diethoxyethane (18.90%), octacosane (13.13%), 2,3-butanediol (13.00%), pentacosane (10.00% Among them, methoxyphenyl oxime (27.05%), palmitic acid (14.48%), 3-decyne-2-ol (12.84%), sec-butyl ether 10.12%) and so on. The different extracts of flowers, leaves and stems had special antibacterial effect on specific pathogens, with MIC = 0.031 mg · m L-1. Stem high doses of volatile oil can significantly reduce the bleeding and clotting time. Conclusions The volatile oils in flowers, leaves and stems are quite different and contain antibacterial and hemostatic components.