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日本是一个多自然灾害(水、地震、火山、海潮、台风、雪)的国家。其中尤以水灾最为严重。据最近30年统计,伤亡人数多达32488人;多年平均损失金额达2500亿日元,相当于国民总收入的1％以上。与西方水灾最严重的美国相比,人员损失为其11倍,财产损失额为其2倍。为此,日本政府曾制定专门法律,发展水利事业,防洪防灾。水利投资最近约占国民总产值(GNP)的0.5％。在37.3万平方公里的国土上修筑堤防50800公里,水库2000余
Japan is a country with multiple natural disasters (water, earthquakes, volcanoes, tides, typhoons and snow). Especially the most serious floods. According to statistics in the recent 30 years, the number of casualties has reached 32488 people; the average annual loss has amounted to 250 billion Japanese yen, equivalent to more than 1% of the total national income. Compared with the worst-hit U.S. in the West, the loss of personnel is 11 times and the amount of property damage is double. To this end, the Japanese government has enacted special laws to develop water conservancy projects and flood prevention and disaster prevention. Water investment recently accounted for about 0.5% of gross national product (GNP). In the 373,000 square kilometers of land on the construction of embankment 50,800 km, more than 2,000 reservoirs