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马歇尔对创新经济学的思想贡献主要在于他对两个方面的关注:一是经济生物学,二是知识和组织。在马歇尔的经济生物学思想中,“渐进主义”的重点并不在于关注渐进创新,而是在于从一种过程和系统的视角理解创新及其所推动的经济发展;马歇尔的生存竞争思想则为说明创新的选择机制以及教育和创新投资不足提供了基础。马歇尔的创新体系思想以对知识与组织的研究为基础,他不仅考察了工业区和国家教育科研体系所分别代表的基于经验学习和基于正规科研的两类创新体系,考察了协会(企业间的联合组织)对促进创新的作用,而且还从创新体系角度讨论了后发国家的赶超以及后发优势问题。
Marshall’s contribution to innovative economics thought mainly lies in his attention to two aspects: First, economic biology, and second, knowledge and organization. In Marshall’s thought of economic biology, the focus of “gradualism” is not on focusing on incremental innovation but on understanding innovation and the economic development promoted by it from a process and system perspective. Marshall’s concept of survival competition It provides a basis for explaining the innovative selection mechanism and the underinvestment in education and innovation. Based on the study of knowledge and organization, Marshall’s innovative system thought not only examined two kinds of innovation systems based on experience learning and formal scientific research respectively represented by industrial districts and national educational research system, Joint organizations) to promote innovation, but also from the point of view of innovation system to discuss the catch-up of late-developing countries and the advantages of latecomers.