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补体系统作为先天性免疫的一部分，在保护机体免受病原体侵害方面发挥重要作用。越来越多的研究证明补体与多种肾小球肾炎有关，如IgA肾病、膜性肾病、感染后肾小球肾炎、膜性增生性肾小球肾炎、Cn 3肾小球病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、狼疮性肾炎和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性肾小球肾炎等。各种因素导致局部或全身补体系统异常激活或调节功能障碍，均可能对肾脏造成损害，而选择性阻断补体活化途径则对肾脏起保护作用。深入了解补体致病机制，有利于临床医生使用选择性补体抑制剂，为难治性肾脏病提供新的诊疗思路。n “,”The complement system is a part of the innate immune system, playing an important role in protecting hosts from pathogens.Many researches showed that complements were strongly associated with a wide spectrum of glomerulonephritis, such as IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, post infectious glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Cn 3 nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, lupus nephritis, and ANCA induced renal vasculitis.Various factors may induce abnormal activation or dysregulation of the local or systemic complement system, resulting in further kidney injury.Selective blocking of the complement cascades could protect the kidney.Further investigations are needed to fully understand the mechanism of complement, and targeting complement could be considered a novel therapeutic method in refractory renal diseases.n