中央关于科技体制改革的有关决定,从开拓技术市场和改革拨款制度入手,将使我国逐步建立一种新的科学技术体制。这些决定对科技工作的发展,有着深远的影响。科学技术工作有着不同的层次,例如:基础研究、应用研究和技术开发等。如何按照不同层次、不同类型科学技术活动的特点,实行不同的拨款制度,这显然是科技改革中一个十分重要的问题。国家在研究机构现行的管理体制中,不分层次、类型,统一由上级行政部门按单位,按人头拨款。在研究机构内部也是“上行下效”。这种管理体制的弊病,使科研单位“活不好,但又死不了”,“应该上去的项目上不去,应该下马的项目又下不来”。虽然国家也制订发展科学的长远规划和年度计划,但没有相应的体制来保证其实施。往往是下边把科研课题报上米,上边再以指令性计划名义批下去。国家总的科研任务由谁综合,学科发展由谁定向,找不到一个具体负责的部 The central government's decision on the reform of the science and technology system will start from China in developing a new science and technology system by starting to explore the technology market and reforming the funding system. These decisions have a profound impact on the development of science and technology work. Science and technology work has different levels, for example: basic research, applied research and technology development. How to implement different appropriation systems according to the characteristics of different levels and different types of science and technology activities is obviously a very important issue in the reform of science and technology. In the current management system of research institutes, the state allocates funds according to different units and units according to different levels, types and reunifications by higher administrative departments. In the research institutions are also “up and down effect.” The shortcomings of this management system make scientific research units “not good enough to live but die”, “projects that should go up and projects that should be dismounted should not come down again.” Although the state has also formulated a long-term plan for the development of science and an annual plan, there is no corresponding system to guarantee its implementation. Often, the subject of scientific research is reported on the rice below, and then on the name of the mandatory plan. Who is the country's overall scientific research tasks, who is the subject of development, can not find a specific responsible department