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光的折射特性所产生的垂直折光差对所施测高程的影响，一直是十分复杂和急需解决的焦点性问题，其产生同测区地理环境、气候条件等诸多因素有着十分密切的关系．
The vertical refractive error caused by the refractive index of light has always been a very complex and urgent problem to be solved. The impact of the vertical refractive error caused by the refraction of light on the surveyed elevation is very closely related to the geography and climatic conditions of the survey area and many other factors.