欧洲赤松是美国北部一个重要的观赏树种。有些林木育种计划,已着手改良这个品种的观尝质量,包括:簇叶颜色,茎干端直,生长率和分枝习性等等。为了制定正确的育种计划和预知遗传进展情况,林木育种学家必须了解遗传原因和环境力量形成的表型变量所占的比例,并经常强调用适当的环境因子的空间和时间抽样,从遗传变量中分离出基因型×环境 European red pine is an important ornamental tree species in the northern United States. Some forest breeding programs have started to improve the quality of the tastes of this variety, including: leaf color, stem straight, growth rate and branch habits and so on. In order to develop a proper breeding program and to predict genetic progress, forest breeders must understand the proportion of phenotypic variables that result from genetic causes and environmental forces and often emphasize the spatial and temporal sampling of appropriate environmental factors from genetic variables Genotype × environment was isolated