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在美国大平原上多样性的环境条件下,冬小麦株高是一个重要的性状,它与出苗、倒伏、土壤流失、收获难易、作物残茬及杂草防治均有关系。本研究假定与大气、土壤、植物代谢有关的蒸腾作用能用来鉴定环境因素对小麦株高的效应,并对其进行了检验。实验用大面积推广种植的冬小麦品种Arapahoe、TAM107、Uista和Siouxland为试材,于1992年和1993年在内布拉斯加的9种环境中进行。本研究所选的试验点分布在从半湿润区到半干旱区的气候条件下。对一个春小麦的生长和产量模型加以修改后用来预测本研究中冬小麦的株高(模拟为一个时间的S形函数)。根据实际蒸腾与潜在蒸腾之比计算出株高的日增长量,利用9种环境下的资料估计各品种的最大株高,计算出4个品种在8种环境下的模拟株高、在所有环境中模拟株高与实测株高均吻合得很好(R ̄2=0.80)。因此,我们断定,蒸腾是冬小麦株高发育环境的一个很好的指标。
Under diverse environmental conditions on the Great Plains of the United States, the plant height of winter wheat is an important trait, which is related to emergence, lodging, soil loss, harvested harvesters, crop residues and weed control. This study assumes that the transpiration related to the air, soil and plant metabolism can be used to identify the effect of environmental factors on the plant height of wheat and to test it. The experiments were conducted in nine environments of Nebraska in 1992 and 1993 using a large area popularized winter wheat cultivars Arapahoe, TAM107, Uista and Siouxland. The test sites selected for this study are located in climatic conditions ranging from semi-humid areas to semi-arid areas. A spring wheat growth and yield model was modified to predict the plant height of the winter wheat in this study (modeled as a S-shaped function over time). The daily growth of plant height was calculated according to the ratio of actual transpiration to potential transpiration. The maximum plant height of each cultivars was estimated based on the data of nine environments. The simulated plant height of four cultivars in eight environments was calculated. The simulated plant height coincided well with the measured plant height (R ~ 2 = 0.80). Therefore, we conclude that transpiration is a good indicator of plant growth in winter wheat.