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光纤Bragg光栅受到一应力梯度作用时，由于光栅的啁啾，使反射频谱不仅偏移，而且发生畸变。本文用散射矩阵公式计算了光纤Bragg光栅反射频谱受不同应力梯度作用的影响，并用实验验证了其计算结果。理论分析和实验证明，光纤Bragg光栅能方便地测量应力应变的大小分布，并能作为准分布式传感器阵列，对压力的变化进行连续在线实时检测。
When a fiber Bragg grating is subjected to a stress gradient, the reflected spectrum is not only offset but distorted due to the grating chirp. In this paper, the influence of different stress gradients on the reflection spectra of fiber Bragg gratings is calculated by using the scattering matrix formula. The calculated results are verified by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the fiber Bragg grating can measure the size distribution of stress and strain easily, and can be used as a quasi-distributed sensor array to detect the pressure changes continuously online in real time.