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目的了解腹泻病人流行特点,为控制措施提供依据。方法 2008～2010年对肠道门诊就诊病例进行临床和流行病学资料收集,2010年采集303份未使用抗生素病人便标本进行痢疾杆菌等细菌分离培养。结果肠道门诊共就诊25026例病例,男女性别比为1.25︰1,以幼儿和青年病例为主,0岁组和20～39岁组发病占63.9%;感染性腹泻病例占40.4%,胃肠功能紊乱病例占24.5%,菌痢病例占10.6%;腹泻病例的菌株检出率为25.1%,其中痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血弧菌、产毒性大肠杆菌这四种主要肠道病原菌为20.5%,整肠生使用率为73.1%,思密达使用率为72.2%,口服补液盐使用率为79.9%,抗生素使用率为46.2%。结论在腹泻病例治疗中,抗生素使用率明显过高,为了减少抗生素滥用和耐药现象,应合理使用抗生素,提高微生态制剂等使用率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with diarrhea, to provide the basis for control measures. Methods From 2008 to 2010, clinical and epidemiological data were collected from enrolled gut clinics. In 2010, 303 antibiotic-free samples of patients were collected for the isolation and culture of bacteria such as dysentery bacilli. Results A total of 25,026 cases were enrolled in the gut clinic, with a ratio of male to female of 1.25︰1. The majority of cases were young children and young adults. The incidence was 63.9% in the 0-year-old group and 20-39-year-old group. The incidence of infectious diarrhea was 40.4% Dysfunction cases accounted for 24.5%, bacillary dysentery cases accounted for 10.6%; diarrhea cases of strains detection rate was 25.1%, of which dysentery bacilli, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, toxigenic E. coli these four main enteric pathogens was 20.5% , Total intestine utilization rate was 73.1%, the use of smecta was 72.2%, oral rehydration salt usage was 79.9%, antibiotic use was 46.2%. Conclusion In the treatment of diarrhea cases, the antibiotic usage rate is obviously too high. In order to reduce the abuse of antibiotics and drug resistance, antibiotics should be used rationally to improve the utilization rate of probiotics.