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本文根据耗散结构理论提出表征土壤肥力的土壤系统熵的概念,其定义是土壤系统中单位物质转化过程中的势能耗损。对应Schrodinger的负熵理论,土壤系统熵越低,土壤肥力越高。土壤系统熵可分为两部分,一是表征土壤基础肥力的,命名为起始熵(S_0)。另一是表征土壤人工肥力的,指因化学氮素投入所引起系统状态的变化,称为熵变(S_1),土壤系统熵(S_E)是两部分之和:S_E=S_0+S_1是土壤生产力和系统转换效率的综合指标。土壤系统熵值有稳定性,可作为土壤分类的依据。因为熵值计算排除了空间条件和不同作物种类与其它偶然因素对评价土壤肥力的影响,因而可供比较应用。土壤系统熵既反映了系统的结构状态,也反映了输入能量的可用程度,因此是土壤做为一个耗散结构的基本性质指标,从而实现了土壤肥力评价中的生态效率和经济效益的结合,并且为系统论土壤学的研究对象提供了认识的基础。土壤系统熵和土壤信息量有同等意义,是对土壤系统进行最优化反馈控制的依据。文中列举了土壤系统熵的计算方法,并讨论了它的实际应用。
In this paper, the concept of soil system entropy, which characterizes soil fertility, is proposed according to the theory of dissipative structure. It is defined as the potential energy loss during the transformation of unit matter in the soil system. Corresponding to Schrodinger’s negative entropy theory, the lower the soil entropy, the higher the soil fertility. Soil entropy can be divided into two parts, one is the characterization of soil fertility, named initial entropy (S_0). The other is characterization of soil artificial fertility, which refers to the change of system state caused by chemical nitrogen input, which is called entropy change (S_1). The soil system entropy (S_E) is the sum of two parts: S_E = S_0 + S_1 is soil productivity And system conversion efficiency of a comprehensive index. The stability of soil system entropy can be used as the basis for soil classification. Because the calculation of entropy precludes the influence of spatial conditions and different types of crops and other accidental factors on soil fertility assessment, it can be used for comparative purposes. Soil entropy not only reflects the structural state of the system, but also reflects the availability of input energy. Therefore, it is the basic property index of soil as a dissipative structure, so as to realize the combination of ecological efficiency and economic benefit in soil fertility evaluation. It also provides a basis for understanding systematically the subject of soil science. Soil system entropy and soil information have the same meaning, is the basis for the optimal feedback control of soil systems. The article enumerates the calculation method of soil system entropy, and discusses its practical application.