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贸易自由化对我国制造业企业就业的影响如何?本文基于中国制造业企业的非平衡面板数据,检验结果显示,进口渗透率的增加在提高出口企业就业的同时,更多地减少了非出口企业的就业,因而行业内所有企业的平均就业减少;而出口渗透率的增加在提高出口企业就业的同时,没有显著减少非出口企业的就业,因而行业内所有企业的平均就业增长。考虑不同出口密集度企业,以及劳动密集型和资本密集型行业的影响,结论基本不变。在稳健性检验中,检验结果依然稳定。为此,进口自由化下我国应加强对非出口企业失业工人的就业培训,继续推动出口自由化的发展,这将有利于我国就业的持续增长。
The effect of trade liberalization on the employment of manufacturing enterprises in our country is based on the unbalanced panel data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The test results show that the increase of import penetration increases the employment of exporting enterprises and reduces the non-exporting enterprises more Of the total employment of all enterprises in the industry, while the increase of export penetration did not significantly reduce the employment of non-exporting enterprises while increasing the employment of exporting enterprises, thus the average employment growth of all enterprises in the industry. Considering the impact of different export-intensive enterprises, as well as labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries, the conclusions remain basically unchanged. In the robustness test, the test results remain stable. For this reason, under the process of import liberalization, China should strengthen employment training for unemployed workers in non-exporting enterprises and continue to promote the development of export liberalization, which will be conducive to the continuous growth of employment in our country.