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青霉素族的抗菌谱包括最常见的致病菌。目前仍在广泛使用,但因许多细菌产生了β-内酰胺酶,使其在临床上的使用减少了。在英国,90％金黄色葡萄球菌菌株耐青霉素,35％大肠杆菌菌株耐氨苄青霉素。在所有抗生素中,可能青霉素的毒性最小。严重有害的作用包括 IgE 介导的过敏性反应、中性白细胞减少症、血小板减少症和伪膜性肠炎,但较少见。某些有害反应,例如由于剂量过大引起的脑病和肾炎是可以避免的。
The antibacterial spectrum of penicillins includes the most common pathogenic bacteria. It is still widely used, but many bacteria produce β-lactamase, making it less clinically useful. In the UK, 90% of S. aureus strains are resistant to penicillin and 35% of E. coli strains are resistant to ampicillin. Of all antibiotics, penicillin may be least toxic. Seriously detrimental effects include IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and pseudomembranous colitis, but are less common. Certain adverse reactions, such as encephalopathy and nephritis due to overdose, can be avoided.