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在封建制度下,封建地主凭借土地所有权,向农民收取地租。封建地租是封建土地所有权在经济上的实现形式,体现着封建地主剥削农民的关系。封建地租的剥削程度,通常是以地租率,即转化为地租的那部分产品同土地生产品之间的比率来表示的。中国地主制经济建立的初期,就形成了封建地主与佃农对半分成的封建地租率,即佃农以土地主要农作物收获量的一半交纳地租。历史文献中,往往把这种对半分成叫做“均分”、“中分”、“对分”等等,我们不妨把这个封建地租率叫做均分地租率。
Under the feudal system, feudal landlords levied land rent on the basis of land ownership. Feudal rent is the economic form of feudal ownership of land, which reflects the relationship between feudal landlords and peasants. The degree of exploitation of feudal government rent is usually expressed as the ratio of the government rent, that part of the product converted to rent, and the product of the land. In the early days of China’s landlord economy, feudal landlords and tenant farmers formed a semi-divided feudal rent rate, that is, tenant farmers paid land rent by half of the amount of land harvested by the main crops. In historical documents, we often refer to this kind of division as “equalization”, “intermediate division”, “halving” and so on. We might as well refer to this feudal rent rate as the average rent rate.