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研究结果发现南海海温对热带太平洋东部型和中部型厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)的季节性响应有明显的时空差异。就时间演变而言和前人研究的结论基本一致:在两类El Ni?o事件发展年的冬季和衰退年的夏季,南海海温都会出现暖海温异常现象。就空间特征而言:东部型El Ni?o事件发生后,南海的第一次增暖中心出现在115°E以西海域,此后暖海温异常中心会向南海的东部偏移;第二次增暖发生时,其最大增暖中心位于110°E以东的海域;而在中部型El Ni?o事件时,南海的两次增暖中心都处在115°E以西海域。南海的风场异常分布不同导致了南海在两类El Ni?o事件衰退年夏季的暖异常出现空间差异。进一步机理分析表明,南海在东部型El Ni?o事件衰退年夏季的增暖主要是受印度洋海盆模态(India ocean basin mode,IOBM)的影响;而南海在中部型El Ni?o事件衰退年夏季的增暖主要是由于热带中太平洋暖海温的影响。
The results show that there is a significant spatial-temporal difference in the seasonal response of the South China Sea SST to El Niño in the eastern and central tropical Pacific. In terms of time evolution, the conclusions of previous studies are basically the same: the SSTA anomalies occur in the South China Sea SST in both winter and recession years of two types of El Niño events. In terms of spatial features, after the occurrence of the eastern El Niño event, the first warming center of the South China Sea appears in the area west of 115 ° E, after which the anomalous center of the SST can migrate to the east of the South China Sea. The second increase When warming occurs, the maximum warming center lies in the sea area east of 110 ° E. In the case of the central El Niño event, the two warming centers of the South China Sea lie in the area west of 115 ° E. The different distribution of wind field in the South China Sea led to the spatial heterogeneity of the South China Sea warm anomalies in the summer of two types of El Niño events. Further mechanistic analysis shows that the warming of the South China Sea in the summer of the El Niño event of the eastern type is mainly affected by the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM). In the declining year of the Central El Niño event Summer warming is mainly due to the warm tropical Pacific warm sea temperature.