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脂肪移植最初用于容积填充和轮廓修饰，但随着临床应用的深入，渐渐发现脂肪移植可用于治疗术后瘢痕痛、雷诺综合征等疾病。自体脂肪对疼痛的治疗作用可能与其对神经等组织的机械保护作用、脂肪组织的抗炎作用、脂肪组织中脂肪因子以及间充质干细胞的作用等有关。文章概述了脂肪移植的历史、种类，就近年来脂肪移植在疼痛科疾病应用的机制与相关临床研究进行综述，探讨脂肪移植是否可作为疼痛科一项新的治疗技术，为以后的临床和基础研究提供思路。“,”Fat transplantation was originally used for volume filling and contour modification, but with the exploration of clinical application, people found that the fat transplantation can be used to treat postoperative scar pain, Raynaud's syndrome and other diseases. The therapeutic effect of autologous fat on pain may be related to its mechanical protection effects on the nervous system and other tissues, its anti-inflammatory effect, and the effect of adipose factor and mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue. In this review, the recent studies on the application of fat transplantation in pain treatment are reviewed to explore whether fat transplantation can be used as a new treatment technique in pain treatment so that it can provides ideas for future clinical and basic research.