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目的探讨采用毒藜碱肌肉注射形成先天性腭裂山羊模型的方法以及先天性腭裂畸形对山羊面中部发育的影响。方法取40只8～12月龄杂交波尔雌性山羊,体重35～55 kg,以配种日期定为孕0 d,于孕30 d经B超确认怀孕后随机将实验动物分为4组。取30只实验动物按照注射剂量分为实验组1、实验组2、实验组3(n=10),分别于孕31～42 d肌肉注射毒藜碱10、15、20 mg/d;余10只作为对照组不作处理。每组于孕120 d及出生后1个月,各取5只胎羊或小羊行头颅三维CT重建,测量上颌最前磨牙前方的两侧凹陷处间距(PPMM),及以此线为基准测量上颌骨最前点至此线的垂直距离(APMM);完成三维CT重建后行硬腭大体观察,并制备干颅行上颌骨前后向及宽度发育情况观察。结果实验组3母羊注射药物后全部流产;实验组2母羊注射药物后2只流产,余8只维持妊娠。孕120 d取材时,实验组1取出5只胎羊,均无腭裂;实验组2取出5只胎羊,其中3只腭裂,上颌发育不足;对照组取出5只胎羊,均无腭裂。出生后1个月,实验组1有11只小羊娩出,均无腭裂;实验组2有7只小羊娩出,其中5只腭裂,上颌骨明显发育不足,饲养及进食困难;对照组有8只小羊娩出,均无腭裂。硬腭及干颅大体观察见实验组2上颌骨明显发育不足。实验组2的孕120 d胎羊及出生后1个月小羊PPMM及APMM与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组2的5只腭裂小羊存活1～2个月。结论采用孕31～42 d肌肉注射毒藜碱15 mg/d,可以制备先天性山羊腭裂模型,形成的腭裂山羊面型特征基本符合人类腭裂畸形面中部发育特征。
Objective To explore the method of using the mice intramuscular injection of chelerythrine for congenital cleft palate and the effect of congenital cleft palate deformity on the goat midface. Methods Forty hybrid Boer female goats aged from 8 to 12 months old weighing 35-55 kg were enrolled in this study. The pregnant women were randomly assigned to four groups on the 30th day after pregnancy. Thirty experimental animals were divided into experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 (n = 10) according to the injection dose. Muscimol was administered intramuscularly at 10,15 and 20 mg / d from 31 to 42 d of pregnancy respectively. Only as a control group without treatment. In each group, 5 females or lambs were scapped three-dimensional CT reconstruction at 120 d of pregnancy and 1 month after birth to measure the distance (PPMM) between the two sides of the anterior maxillary maxillary molars, and the baseline was measured The vertical distance from the anterior maxillary line to this line (APMM). The gross hard palate was observed after three-dimensional CT reconstruction and the development of the maxillary anterior, posterior and lateral width was observed. Results In experimental group 3, the ewes were all aborted after injecting drugs. In experimental group 2, two ewes were aborted after injecting drugs and the other 8 were pregnant. When fetus was pregnant for 120 days, 5 fetuses were removed in experimental group 1, and there was no cleft palate. In experimental group 2, 5 fetuses were removed, including 3 cleft palate and maxillary hypoplasia; One month after birth, 11 lambs in experimental group 1 were delivered without cleft palate; in experimental group 2, 7 lambs were delivered, of which 5 were cleft palate, the maxillary bone was underdeveloped, and feeding and eating difficulties were noticed. The control group had 8 Only lamb delivery, no cleft palate. Hard palate and dry skull general observation of the experimental group 2 maxillary obvious hypoplasia. There were significant differences in PPMM and APMM between the pregnant 120-day-old fetus and the 1-month-old lamb after birth in the experimental group 2 and the control group (P <0.05). Five cleft palate lambs in experimental group 2 survived for 1 to 2 months. CONCLUSION: The congenital goat palate model can be prepared by intramuscular injection of 13 mg / d of triamcinolone for 31-42 days. The surface characteristics of cleft palate goats basically conform to the developmental characteristics of midface of cleft palate.