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探讨小儿血液病并发深部真菌病的发病原因、临床特点、防治措施与预后。方法根据病原学、影像学检查并结合临床资料综合分析。结果11例急性白血病（其中1例为慢性粒细胞白血病急淋变）及1例再生障碍性贫血于白细胞低下期出现肺部真菌感染或多脏器真菌感染，其中7例经抗真菌治疗后恢复，2例死亡，3例放弃治疗。结论深部真菌病是继发于白细胞低下及大量广谱抗生素应用的重要合并症，多次痰涂片是简便、快速有效的早期诊断手段之一，在治疗原发病的同时早期诊断治疗深部真菌病是改善预后的关键。
To discuss the etiological factor, clinical features, prevention and treatment and prognosis of pediatric hematological diseases complicated with deep mycosis. Methods According to etiology, imaging and clinical data combined analysis. Results Eleven cases of acute leukemia (one case was acute leukemia with acute myeloid leukemia) and one case of aplastic anemia showed pulmonary fungal infection or multiorgan fungal infection in low leukopenia stage. Seven of them were recovered after antifungal treatment , 2 died, 3 gave up treatment. Conclusions Deep mycosis is an important complication secondary to leukopenia and a large number of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Multiple sputum smears are one of the simple, rapid and effective methods for early diagnosis. In the treatment of primary disease, early diagnosis and treatment of deep fungi Disease is the key to improving the prognosis.