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二战结束后,随着美苏两大阵营对立的态势越来越明显,英国领导人逐渐认识到了北冰洋的军事重要性。然而,由于北冰洋表面的绝大部分终年被冰雪覆盖,一般水面舰船根本无法靠近。因此,美国海军利用潜艇远航北极地区的尝试一直在悄悄地进行。1946年,美国海军派出“阿图尔”号潜艇前往北冰洋侦察北极地形,但“阿图尔”号潜艇在冰下潜航尚不足180米,其潜望镜就被冰块撞坏了,只得无功而返。1947年夏及1948年夏,美国海军先后派出“帆鱼”号潜艇及“鲤鱼”号潜艇前往北冰洋,但最后的结果却仍是铩羽而归。1952年,美国海军又派罗伯特·麦克韦西艇长率“(鱼工)鱼”号潜艇远航探测北冰洋的冰下情况,但只在北冰洋潜航8小对(航行20海里),就不得不掉头返航了。“鹦鹉螺”号核潜艇在美国海军列装后,其潜航能力超长的特性终于为美军进入北冰洋腹地提供了绝佳的前提条件。而且,作为一艘全新的核潜艇,它还可以制造自身所需的氧气及饮用水,这更为美军决定派其远航北极提供了充足的理由。不过,由于有前4次常规潜艇北极探险失败的教训,美国一直对远航北极持慎重的态度。随着冷战气氛越来越浓厚,核潜艇试航北极也越来越成为一种战略上的需要。因此,美国领导人做出决定:派遣核潜艇秘密远航北极。
After the end of World War II, as the opposing camps between the two camps became more and more obvious, British leaders realized the military importance of the Arctic Ocean. However, as most of the surface of the Arctic Ocean is covered by snow and ice all year round, surface ships generally do not have access. Therefore, attempts by the U.S. Navy to use submarines to sail the Arctic have been quietly carried out. In 1946, the United States Navy dispatched the “Artur” submarine to explore the Arctic terrain. However, the “Artur” submarine was snorkeling under ice for less than 180 meters and its periscope was destroyed by ice. Had no success. In the summer of 1947 and the summer of 1948, the U.S. Navy dispatched the “Sailfish” submarine and the “Carp” submarine to the Arctic Ocean in succession. However, the final result was still plummeting. In 1952, the U.S. Navy dispatched Robert McWay’s captain to inspect the ice of the Arctic by voyaging for a long time, but only 8 pairs of snorkeling (20 nautical miles for the Arctic Ocean) could not be explored Do not turn around and return. “Nautilus ” after the submarine in the United States Navy outfit, its long snorkeling features finally for the U.S. military to enter the hinterland of the Arctic provides an excellent prerequisite. What’s more, as a brand new nuclear submarine, it can also manufacture the oxygen and potable water it needs. This provides ample reasons for the U.S. military’s decision to send its expedition to the North Pole. However, the United States has always been cautious on the voyage of the Arctic due to the failure of the first four conventional submarine expeditions. As the cold-war atmosphere becomes more and more intense, it is increasingly becoming a strategic need for the nuclear submarine to test its flight to the North Pole. Therefore, the U.S. leaders have decided to send the nuclear submarine to secret voyage to the North Pole.