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机体的特异免疫主要靠淋巴细胞,按起源与功能,淋巴细胞又可分为T与B两大类,它们分别承担了细胞和体液免疫两系统的重要功能。作为免疫系统“主宰腺体”的中枢淋巴组织之一的胸腺,对于细胞免疫的产生和体液免疫的调节都起着决定性作用,尤为细胞免疫所不可缺。T细胞首先起源于骨髓,并通过其内分泌激素-胸腺素的影响而分化、成熟。新生动物在去胸腺后发生的消耗症,即系T细胞缺乏所致。胸腺分泌的内分泌激素较多,胸腺素即系其中十余种激素之一,系Goldstein于1966年首先以丙酮沉淀法从小牛胸腺所提取,它含有对热稳定的12种酸性多肽,所提取的胸腺素第五成分(以下简称F_5)的分子量为1,200
The body’s specific immunity depends mainly on lymphocytes. According to its origin and function, lymphocytes can be divided into two major categories, T and B. They respectively assume the important functions of the two systems of cellular and humoral immunity. The thymus gland, one of the central lymphoid tissues that dominates the gland of the immune system, plays a decisive role in the generation of cellular immunity and the regulation of humoral immunity, and is indispensable for cellular immunity. T cells first originate in the bone marrow, and differentiate and mature through the influence of their endocrine hormone-thymosin. The depletion of newborn animals after thymus removal is caused by the lack of T cells. The thymus secretes more endocrine hormones and thymosin, which is one of more than ten kinds of hormones, was first extracted from the calf’s thymus by acetone precipitation in 1966. It contains 12 acidic polypeptides that are thermally stable and extracted. The fifth component of thymosin (hereinafter referred to as F_5) has a molecular weight of 1,200