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目的对漯河市碘缺乏病健康教育实施效果进行评价。方法在漯河市3个行政乡展开碘缺乏病健康教育,包括播放防治知识科普片、制作专题宣传栏、书写宣传标语、由村医对家庭主妇开展知识培训等。健康教育前后,以统一问卷调查形式,抽样了解上述行政乡5年级小学生和当地18~40岁家庭主妇对碘缺乏病防治知识的知晓情况。结果健康教育后,该地5年级小学生的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率由59.63%提高到96.30%差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);该地18~40岁家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率由54.81%提高到85.19%差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。健康教育后该地小学生对该病的知晓率高于18~40岁家庭主妇;后者在“预防缺碘最好方法”知晓率提高幅度上最小(50.37%提高到73.33%)。结论健康教育活动对防治碘缺乏病有一定效果,今后在持续的健康教育干预中要注意针对性。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on iodine deficiency disorders in Luohe City. Methods The health education of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in three administrative villages in Luohe City. The program included the broadcasting of science popularization precautions, the production of special bulletin boards, the propaganda slogans and the training of housewives by village doctors. Before and after health education, a unified questionnaire survey was conducted to find out about the knowledge about the prevention and treatment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Grade 5 pupils in the administrative townships and local housewives aged 18 ~ 40. Results After the completion of health education, the awareness rate of prevention and control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Grade 5 pupils in this area increased from 59.63% to 96.30% (P <0.01). The awareness of prevention and treatment of Iodine Deficiency in 18-40-year-old housewives The rate of increase from 54.81% to 85.19% was statistically significant (P <0.01). After the health education, the pupils’ awareness rate of this disease was higher than that of 18 ~ 40-year-old housewives; the latter was the least (50.37% up to 73.33%) in the awareness of the best way to prevent iodine deficiency. Conclusion Health education activities have a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders. In the future, intervention in health education should be targeted.