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本文综述了晶态与非晶态两类高聚物的压电性,热释电性和铁电性。这些现象近年来研究得愈来愈广泛。文中以聚氯乙烯作为非晶态高聚物的例子;以PVDF及其共聚物,还有尼龙11作为晶态高聚物的例子。按照偶极子模型,高聚物一般假定需具备四个条件,就可显示出较大的压电性,热释电性和铁电性。本文探讨了上述高聚物的结构与性能,这些对识别材料是很重要的。最后,列举了PVDF及其它材料的压电常数,热释电系数和介电常数,以供读者参考。
This review summarizes the piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of two types of polymers, crystalline and amorphous. These phenomena have been studied more and more widely in recent years. In this paper, polyvinyl chloride is used as an example of an amorphous polymer; PVDF and its copolymers, and nylon 11 as an example of a crystalline polymer. According to the dipole model, the polymer is generally assumed to have four conditions, can show greater piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and ferroelectricity. This article explores the structure and properties of the polymers described above, which are important for identifying materials. Finally, the piezoelectric constant, pyroelectric coefficient and dielectric constant of PVDF and other materials are listed for the readers’ reference.