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1 概况车用发动机常用涡轮增压器来提高动力特性。在涡轮增压器中,密封和润滑是两个重要因素,也是所面临的两个技术难题。带涡轮增压器的车用发动机达到实用阶段只不过10年左右的历史。在目前的情况下,尽管要求驾驶员踩下加速踏板后汽车的加速时间非常短暂,但实际上这段加速时间往往加长,称之为增压滞后。目前可用多种方法从不同角度来改善这种增压滞后现象,这些方法有以陶瓷制作涡轮叶片、采用两台小涡轮增压器以减小惯性扭矩、降低涡轮密封件摩擦扭矩。经过上述改进,涡轮增压器已广泛用于车用发动机。
1 Overview Vehicle engines commonly used turbochargers to improve dynamic characteristics. In the turbocharger, sealing and lubrication are two important factors, but also face two technical problems. Turbocharged car engines reach the practical stage only about 10 years of history. In the present case, although the acceleration of the car is required to be very short after the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, the acceleration time is actually lengthened in actuality, which is called as the boost lag. Various methods are currently available to improve this hysteresis of hysteresis from different angles. These methods include making turbine blades from ceramics and using two small turbochargers to reduce the inertia torque and to reduce the frictional torque of the turbine seal. After the above improvements, turbochargers have been widely used in automotive engines.