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日本现有国立研究所94个,分别隶属于17个省(厅),有些研究所已有百余年的历史,但多数都是“二战”后建立起来的。 50年代是日本战后进行全面恢复的阶段,这一时期的科技发展为今天科技政策框架的形成奠定了基础。60年代初,产业界认识到发明或技术进步是工业和经济增长的重要原动力,采取措施加强了其自身的研究与开发(R&D)能力,同时在公司内部集中建立了各种R&D实验室。工业R&D潜力的发展,引起了对国立研究所作用的科技政策方面的讨论,其主要议题是:(1)考虑到大学的R&D活动和科技的总体发展,国立研究所应该从事什么领域的科技活动;(2)国立研究所应该采取哪些措施开展其研究活动,以满足目前与未来的发展需要,促进其与大学、产业的有效合作。在国立研究所调整任务以适应新形势的过程中,这些
There are 94 national research institutes in Japan, which belong to 17 provinces (departments) respectively. Some institutes have a history of over one hundred years, but most of them were established after World War II. The 1950s was a stage of Japan's postwar full recovery. The development of science and technology during this period laid the foundation for the formation of today's science and technology policy framework. In the early 1960s, the industry recognized that invention or technological advancement was an important driving force for industrial and economic growth and that measures were taken to strengthen its own research and development (R & D) capabilities while centralizing the establishment of various R & D labs within the company. The development of industrial R & D potential has led to the discussion of S & T policy regarding the role played by the national institutes. Its main topics are: (1) Considering the university's R & D activities and the overall development of science and technology, what are the scientific and technological activities ; (2) What measures should be taken by the National Institute to carry out its research activities so as to meet current and future development needs and promote its effective cooperation with universities and industries? These are the things that the Institute of National Institutes has to adjust its mission to adapt to the new situation