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目的分析青海省工矿企业职业病危害谱和职业病谱,确定职业病危害关键控制点并提出对策。方法依托重点职业病防治项目和职业卫生基本情况摸底调查,在青海省8个市/州设置监测点,通过疾病监测系统、问卷调查等收集职业病危害因素分布、职业病诊断和职业健康检查等数据。结果在调查的933家工矿企业中876家存在重点职业病危害因素,65 781人(160 044人次)接触职业病危害,其中56 225人次接触重点职业病危害因素。西宁市、海西州和海东市是职业病重点危害地区,有工矿企业754家,占80.8%;有职工110 519人,占93.3%;有生产工人82 154人,占93.2%;有接害劳动者59 985人,占91.2%;存在严重职业病危害风险工矿企业为256家,占83.9%;新诊断职业病为109人,占99.1%;存在重点职业病危害因素工矿企业为698家,占79.7%。采矿业和制造业是职业病危害重点行业,116家采矿业和372家制造业工矿企业存在严重或较重职业病危害风险,83例尘肺病均分布在采矿业。存在严重和较重职业病危害风险的不同经济类型工矿企业中私有经济企业数量最多,为389家,占70.5%;不同规模工矿企业中小型规模企业数量最多,为279家,占50.5%。重点职业病为尘肺病,110例职业病中尘肺病为105例,占95.5%。结论基本确定了目前青海省职业病危害重点地区、行业、职业病危害因素和职业病等。应提高职业卫生技术服务质量、信息化程度和工矿企业开展防治工作的主动性,动态掌握职业病危害现状;加强粉尘作业、噪声作业以及小微、私有经济的职业病防治,采取综合宣传措施提高全民职业病防治意识等,以预防职业病和保护劳动者健康。
Objective To analyze occupational disease spectrum and occupational disease spectrum of industrial and mining enterprises in Qinghai Province, determine the key control points of occupational hazards and propose countermeasures. Methods Based on the investigation of key occupational disease prevention and control projects and occupational health conditions, monitoring points were set up in 8 cities / prefectures in Qinghai Province. The distribution of occupational hazards, occupational disease diagnosis and occupational health checkup were collected through disease surveillance system and questionnaire. Results Among 833 industrial and mining enterprises surveyed, there were 876 key occupational hazards, of which 65 781 (160 044) were exposed to occupational hazards and 56 225 were exposed to key occupational hazards. Xining City, Haixi Prefecture and Haidong City are the major hazardous areas of occupational diseases with 754 industrial and mining enterprises accounting for 80.8%; 110,519 workers and 93.3% of the workers; 82 154 workers or 93.2% There are 59 985 laborers, accounting for 91.2%; there are 256 industrial and mining enterprises with risk of serious occupational hazards, accounting for 83.9%; 109 newly diagnosed occupational diseases, accounting for 99.1%; there are 698 industrial and mining enterprises with key occupational hazards, accounting for 79.7% . Mining and manufacturing are the key occupational hazards industries. There are risks of serious or severe occupational hazards in 116 mining industries and 372 manufacturing and industrial and mining enterprises, and 83 pneumoconiosis are all distributed in the mining industry. The number of private economic enterprises in different economic types with the risk of serious and serious occupational hazards is the highest, accounting for 70.9%, accounting for 70.5%. The largest number of small and medium-sized enterprises of industrial and mining enterprises is 279, accounting for 50.5% of the total. The main occupational disease is pneumoconiosis, and the number of pneumoconiosis in 110 cases is 105 cases, accounting for 95.5%. Conclusions The key areas, industries, occupational hazards and occupational diseases in occupational hazards in Qinghai Province are basically confirmed. We should improve the technical and service quality of occupational health, the degree of informatization and the initiative of prevention and control work carried out by industrial and mining enterprises so as to master the status quo of occupational disease hazards dynamically. We should intensify the prevention and control of occupational diseases in dusty operation, noise operation and small and micro private economy, and adopt comprehensive propaganda measures to raise the occupational disease Prevention and control awareness, etc., to prevent occupational diseases and protect the health of workers.