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为提高优质油份组成品种的选择效率,根据目标性状有的放矢的选配杂交亲本是前提。对中国240份北方大豆种质资源的油份及5个脂肪酸组分进行测定,通过遗传多样性、主成分和聚类分析,对其进行表型鉴定及基因型分类。结果表明,北方大豆种质油份及脂肪酸组分变异较丰富,遗传多样性程度较高。根据主成分分析,筛选到3个主成分进行聚类分析,通过聚类分析将供试种质资源分为7类。第1、6、7类群为高油群体,第3、5类群为次高油群体,第2、4类群为低油群体,7个类群间的脂肪酸组分各有差异。根据育种目标在群体间选配亲本,可提高品质育种的效率。
In order to improve the selection efficiency of the high-quality oilseed varieties, it is a prerequisite to select the appropriate hybrid parents according to the target traits. The oil content and five fatty acid components of 240 northern soybean germplasm resources in China were determined. The phenotypes and genotypes were identified by genetic diversity, principal component and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were abundant variation of oil and fatty acid composition in northern soybean germplasm with higher genetic diversity. According to the principal component analysis, three principal components were screened for cluster analysis, and the tested germplasm resources were divided into seven categories by cluster analysis. Groups 1, 6 and 7 were high oil groups, groups 3 and 5 were sub-high oil groups, groups 2 and 4 were low-oil groups, and fatty acid components among 7 groups were different. According to breeding objectives in the population matching parents, can improve the quality of breeding efficiency.