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目的研究中国60岁及以上老年人跌倒的危险因素及其分布特征,为预防老年人跌倒策略措施的制定提供参考。方法以中国健康与养老追踪调查(Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2011年基线调查中的4 113名60岁及以上受访者为研究对象,运用SPSS 20.0软件对可能与跌倒有关的变量进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果以跌倒为因变量,可能与跌倒相关的人口统计学、自然环境、疾病与健康状况、行为生活方式四个大类共39个因素为自变量,进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,疼痛程度、抑郁症状、听力、哮喘和糖尿病是跌倒的危险因素。结论我国60岁及以上老年人跌倒是各因素综合作用的结果,可采用针对危险因素的综合性措施预防老年人跌倒。
Objective To study the risk factors and their distribution characteristics of falls in the elderly aged over 60 in China and to provide reference for the development of strategies to prevent the falls of the elderly. Methods A total of 4 113 respondents aged 60 years and over from the baseline survey of Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 were selected as research subjects. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze possible variables related to falls Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results 39 subjects were divided into four categories: demography, natural environment, disease and health status and behavioral lifestyle. The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between fall and depression. The results showed that pain levels, depressive symptoms, hearing, asthma and diabetes were risk factors for falls. Conclusion The fall of the elderly aged above 60 in our country is the result of the combined effect of various factors. Comprehensive measures against risk factors can be used to prevent the elderly from falling.