土司制度是在庞大、统一的东方封建帝国(中华帝国)发展史上,中央政权针对相对偏远闭塞或交通不便地区和当地固有族群或部落所实行的一种特殊行政管理体系。这一体系以特定环境中当地族群或部落的存在,长期聚居、家族统领的历史和传统,对国家统一和权威的认同等为基础。中央政府认可传统家族首领司掌本部落或族群、以及传统区域范围事务、保持内部习俗制度、对外代表本部落或族群的权利,并允许家族首领世袭。这种地方和族群首领,被称为“土司”。中央政府册封土 The chieftain system is a special administrative system in the history of the development of a large and unified Eastern feudal empire (the Chinese imperial empire) that the central government is targeting in areas and local indigenous groups or tribes that are relatively isolated and blocked from traffic. This system is based on the existence of local ethnic groups or tribes in a given environment, long-term colonialism, the history and tradition of family reunification, recognition of national unity and authority. The Central Government recognizes the clansmen or ethnic groups of the chiefs of traditional clans and the traditional regional affairs, maintains an internal custom system, externally represents the rights of the tribes or ethnic groups, and allows hereditary clan leaders. This place and ethnic leader, known as “toast ”. Central government books cover soil