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摘 要:学生经过初中、高中的英语学习,英语语法学得不少,做英语语法专项练习也不少,比如动词的时态填空,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词专练等。但如何快速准确的使用呢?现结合十几年的教学体会及对高考试题的分析,浅谈运用动词各种形式的技巧方法,希望能对正在学习及即将参加高考的中学生有所帮助。
关键词:分析 考虑形式 其它用法
历届高考英语试题
一.首先分析,动词是做谓语还是非谓语。
eg. 1. He went back home and________ (tell) me the story.
2. He went back home, _______ (tell) me the story.
3. He went back to the hotel where he ______ (meet) me for the first time.
分析:在一个简单句中,只能有一个谓语动词,如果出现两个或两个以上的动词,则可以用并列句的形式(用and, or ,but)等连接,如例1. 答案 told 做并列谓语;也可以是非谓语的形式,如例2.答案 telling. 现在分词短语做状语;或者是用主从复合句的形式,如例3. 答案 met 在where引导的定语从句中做谓语。
如果是谓语动词,要考虑动词所用的时态、语态及各种时态中,动词的正确形式及主谓一致,尤其注意一般现在时动词第三人称单数,动词的过去式及过去分词;如果是主从复合句,从句的时态还要注意根据主句的时态来确定;在从句中注意虚拟语气及情态动词的使用。如果是非谓语,再考虑是用动词不定式、 v-ing形式还是v-ed 形式。
二:考虑用什么形式,一般从非谓语动词发生的时间及与逻辑主语之间的关系上来判断。
从时间上 V-ing 形式表伴随,v-ed 形式表完成,to do 表将来,动作未发生。从与逻辑主语间的关系上,v-ing 形式表主动,v-ed 形式表被动,to do 表主动,to be done 表被动。
eg. 1. I have a lot of readings ____before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷,23)
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
(答案B.表将来)
2.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the floor.(落叶,表完成)
3.Be careful! Don’t touch the boiling water.(沸腾的,表伴随)
当然,非谓语动词的三种形式做状语或宾语补足语时,也可以从发生的动作与谓语动词之间时间关系及与逻辑主语间的关系来判断。
eg. 4. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ____ presents for my dad. (2010 全国卷1,34)
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
5. The lady walked around the shops, ____ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷,24)
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
6. 1)____ from the top of the tow-er,the south foot of the mountain is a seaof trees. (2010 陕西卷,16)
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see
分析:4. to buy 表目的,主动,将来。
5. keeping 表主动,伴随。
6. seen 表被动。
三:注意一些其它用法。
动词不定式的被动形式
The desk needs to be repaired (动词不定式的被动形式)
The desk needs repairing (用主动形式表被动,仅限于need, want,等少数词后)
动词不定式的完成式
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long.(动词不定式的完成式,动作在谓语动词之前已经发生)
v-ing 的被动式及完成式。
He enjoys being praised by others.( 动名词v-ing的被动式)
Having visited the museum, they were taken to the dinning hall.(现在分词的完成式,表主动,动作在谓语动词之前发生)
有些动词后只能接动词的ing 做宾语,有些只能接to do .
只能接v-ing形式的动词有:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, …
只能接to do 做宾语的有afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope…
分清to 是介词还是动词不定式。
He is looking forward to seeing you. (to 是介词)
当然,这些只是拿到题后考虑的思路与方法,虽然不是万能钥匙,但是,可以帮助学生打开思路,然后通过自己的实践,达到融会贯通。
关键词:分析 考虑形式 其它用法
历届高考英语试题
一.首先分析,动词是做谓语还是非谓语。
eg. 1. He went back home and________ (tell) me the story.
2. He went back home, _______ (tell) me the story.
3. He went back to the hotel where he ______ (meet) me for the first time.
分析:在一个简单句中,只能有一个谓语动词,如果出现两个或两个以上的动词,则可以用并列句的形式(用and, or ,but)等连接,如例1. 答案 told 做并列谓语;也可以是非谓语的形式,如例2.答案 telling. 现在分词短语做状语;或者是用主从复合句的形式,如例3. 答案 met 在where引导的定语从句中做谓语。
如果是谓语动词,要考虑动词所用的时态、语态及各种时态中,动词的正确形式及主谓一致,尤其注意一般现在时动词第三人称单数,动词的过去式及过去分词;如果是主从复合句,从句的时态还要注意根据主句的时态来确定;在从句中注意虚拟语气及情态动词的使用。如果是非谓语,再考虑是用动词不定式、 v-ing形式还是v-ed 形式。
二:考虑用什么形式,一般从非谓语动词发生的时间及与逻辑主语之间的关系上来判断。
从时间上 V-ing 形式表伴随,v-ed 形式表完成,to do 表将来,动作未发生。从与逻辑主语间的关系上,v-ing 形式表主动,v-ed 形式表被动,to do 表主动,to be done 表被动。
eg. 1. I have a lot of readings ____before the end of this term. (2010 山东卷,23)
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
(答案B.表将来)
2.There are a lot of fallen leaves on the floor.(落叶,表完成)
3.Be careful! Don’t touch the boiling water.(沸腾的,表伴随)
当然,非谓语动词的三种形式做状语或宾语补足语时,也可以从发生的动作与谓语动词之间时间关系及与逻辑主语间的关系来判断。
eg. 4. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ____ presents for my dad. (2010 全国卷1,34)
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
5. The lady walked around the shops, ____ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷,24)
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
6. 1)____ from the top of the tow-er,the south foot of the mountain is a seaof trees. (2010 陕西卷,16)
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see
分析:4. to buy 表目的,主动,将来。
5. keeping 表主动,伴随。
6. seen 表被动。
三:注意一些其它用法。
动词不定式的被动形式
The desk needs to be repaired (动词不定式的被动形式)
The desk needs repairing (用主动形式表被动,仅限于need, want,等少数词后)
动词不定式的完成式
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for long.(动词不定式的完成式,动作在谓语动词之前已经发生)
v-ing 的被动式及完成式。
He enjoys being praised by others.( 动名词v-ing的被动式)
Having visited the museum, they were taken to the dinning hall.(现在分词的完成式,表主动,动作在谓语动词之前发生)
有些动词后只能接动词的ing 做宾语,有些只能接to do .
只能接v-ing形式的动词有:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, …
只能接to do 做宾语的有afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope…
分清to 是介词还是动词不定式。
He is looking forward to seeing you. (to 是介词)
当然,这些只是拿到题后考虑的思路与方法,虽然不是万能钥匙,但是,可以帮助学生打开思路,然后通过自己的实践,达到融会贯通。