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白菜是居民日常生活的重要蔬菜,为人体提供丰富的维生素和矿物质,在饮食结构中占据着重要地位。随着我国工业化进程的快速推进,矿产资源被大量开发,各类化工产品被广泛使用,工农业生产及居民生活污染物排放,使得土壤、水体中重金属污染日趋严重。据调查,我国镉、铬等重金属污染耕地2 000万hm2,约占我国耕地总面积1/5。其中,工业“三废”污染耕地1 000万hm2,污水灌溉农田330万hm2。镉是重金属污染元素之一,通过食物链进入人体,危害人类健康,摄取过量会引起骨痛病、肾损伤,甚至诱发癌症。如何降低土壤中镉的有效性,降低植物对镉的吸收已成为当前的研究热点。氮是植物生长必需的营养元素,施加氮肥是农业增产的重要措施。基于此,探讨镉污染条件下,施氮对镉积累、硝酸盐含量和营养品质的影响,为蔬菜安全生产提供理论参考。
Cabbage is an important vegetable in the daily life of residents, providing the body with rich vitamins and minerals, occupying an important position in the diet. With the rapid progress of industrialization in our country, mineral resources have been widely exploited and various chemical products are widely used. The discharge of industrial and agricultural production and residents’ living pollutants makes the pollution of heavy metals in soil and water increasingly serious. According to the survey, China’s heavy metal such as cadmium and chromium polluted 20 million hectares of arable land, accounting for about 1/5 of the total arable land in China. Among them, industrial “three wastes” contaminated farmland 10 million hm2, sewage irrigation farmland 3.3 million hm2. Cadmium is one of the heavy metal pollution elements through the food chain into the human body, endangering human health, excessive intake can cause bone pain, kidney damage, and even induce cancer. How to reduce the availability of cadmium in soil and reduce the absorption of cadmium by plants has become the current research hotspot. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Applying nitrogen fertilizer is an important measure for increasing agricultural output. Based on this, the effects of nitrogen on cadmium accumulation, nitrate content and nutritional quality under cadmium pollution were investigated to provide theoretical reference for safe production of vegetables.