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石墨和碳纤维的理论强度约为104～108GPa。目前,工业生产碳纤维的最高强度为4.6GPa,约是理论强度的2.5～4.4%。理论强度与实测强度相差如此悬殊,其原因在于各种实际碳素材料存在多种类型的缺陷。换言之,缺陷牢牢地控制着强度。本文主要论述碳纤维的强度理论、缺陷对强度控制的实验依据以及用Weibull统计方法表征脆性材料强度的分散性。
The theoretical strength of graphite and carbon fiber is about 104 ~ 108GPa. At present, the highest strength of industrial production of carbon fiber is 4.6GPa, about 2.5 ~ 4.4% of theoretical strength. The difference between the theoretical strength and the measured strength is so disproportionate. The reason is that there are many types of defects in various practical carbon materials. In other words, the defect firmly controls the intensity. In this paper, the theory of strength of carbon fiber, the experimental basis of defect strength control and the dispersion of strength of brittle materials by Weibull statistical method are discussed.