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石灰吟于谦千锤万凿出深山,烈火焚烧若等闲。粉身碎骨浑不怕,要留青白在人间。【注释】(1)若等闲:好像很平常。(2)浑:全。【解说】这首诗的体裁是七绝。作者于谦(1398～1457)是明朝著名的爱国大臣、军事家,也是我国历史上著名的悲剧人物。公元1449年,北方的瓦刺族(蒙古族的一个部落)军队大举进犯明朝的边境,英宗皇帝(朱祁镇)在掌握了朝政大权的大太监王振的挟持下,亲自带兵去抵御,在土木堡(今北京市怀来县)兵败被俘。消息传来,北京一片混乱,人心惶惶。在这万分危急关头,新任兵部尚书(相当于国防部长)的于谦为了增强朝廷的号召力,安定国家,拥立明英宗的弟弟
Lime Yin modest Qianqian million hewn mountains, fire burning if idle. Fragmented muddy not afraid, to stay green in the world. 【Notes】 (1) If you are free: it seems very common. (2) muddy: all. 【Commentary】 The poet’s genre is Qijue. The author Yu Qian (1398 ~ 1457) is a famous patriotic minister and militarist in the Ming Dynasty and also a famous tragic figure in our history. In 1449 AD, the Northern Morass (a tribe of Mongolian tribesmen) invaded the border with the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Yingzong (Zhu Qizhen), under the control of the grand eunuch Wang Zhen, , In the soil fort (now Beijing Huailai County) defeated captured. The news came that Beijing was in chaos and panic. At this critical juncture, Yu Qian, the new military minister (equivalent to the secretary of defense), in order to enhance the appeal of the imperial court, to stabilize the country and to own the younger brother of Ming Yingzong