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化肥投入造成的面源氮、磷源已成为水源涵养地水体面源污染的一个重要来源。东江湖库区作为我国重要的水源涵养地,其农业生产投入的化肥已给该地保持Ⅱ类水质带来了很大压力。通过基于农民保留效用的生态补偿方式来控制农业生产的化肥投入是水源涵养地面源污染控制的有效措施。文章基于东江湖库区2012年的技术水平、生产条件和物价水平,测算出补偿标准为:水稻9967.35元/公顷,玉米4109.4元/公顷,生姜37 477.35元/公顷,板栗8121.75元/公顷,茶树12 910.20元/公顷,橘树20 522.4元/公顷。若要分阶段进行,首先应该控制橘树的化肥投入。补偿金可以通过东江湖的生活供水收入、发电收入和旅游收入来解决。同时,后期应配套政策引导水源涵养地农民转变生产方式,保障生态补偿政策的政策成果。
Non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus sources caused by fertilizer inputs have become an important source of surface water pollution in water conservation areas. As an important source of water conservation in China, the reservoir area of Dongjiang Lake has put great pressure on the type Ⅱ water quality of its agricultural production. Controlling input of chemical fertilizers for agricultural production through ecological compensation based on the conservation effect of peasants is an effective measure to control groundwater pollution in water sources. Based on the technical level, production conditions and price levels in Dongjiang Lake reservoir area in 2012, the compensation rates for rice production are 9967.35 yuan / ha for rice, 4109.4 yuan / ha for corn, 37 477.35 yuan / ha for ginger, 8121.75 yuan / ha for chestnut, 12 910.20 yuan / hectare and orange trees 20 522.4 yuan / hectare. To be phased in, first of all, you should control the investment in orange tree fertilizer. The compensation can be settled through the income from living water supply, power generation income and tourism income of Dongjiang Lake. At the same time, supporting policies should be adopted at the later stage to guide peasants who have water conservation areas to change their modes of production and ensure the policy results of ecological compensation policies.