目的了解贵州省某煤矿工人职业病危害知识、态度、行为(KAP)的现状并分析其影响因素,为有针对性地制定和实施职业健康教育计划,降低和避免职业病的发生提供基础依据。方法采用典型整群抽样的方法对贵州省某煤矿开采集团内部两家单位479名煤矿工人进行职业病危害KAP横断面问卷调查,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对调查数据进行分析。结果调查对象的职业病危害相关知识总体知晓率为69.33%,相关积极态度持有率为83.63%,相关健康行为形成率为78.48%。知识得分在户籍地、文化程度、工龄、月收入、工种、医疗保险、工作班制、职业卫生培训组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),态度得分在文化程度、工龄、月收入、工种、每周工作日、工作强度、职业卫生培训组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),行为得分在工龄、每周工作日、职业卫生培训组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。影响知识得分的因素是文化程度、月收入、医疗保险、职业卫生培训,影响态度和行为得分的因素是工龄、职业卫生培训。结论该企业煤矿工人职业病危害相关知识总体知晓率偏低,今后应以低学历、低工龄、低收入、无医疗保险、未接受过职业卫生培训的人群为培训重点,加强工人的职业健康知识教育。 Objective To understand the current status of knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) of a coalmine worker in Guizhou Province and to analyze its influential factors so as to provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of occupational health education programs and to reduce and avoid the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods A typical cluster sampling method was used to conduct KAP cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards in 479 coal miners in two units within a coal mining group in Guizhou Province. The survey data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results The overall awareness rate of occupational hazards related knowledge was 69.33%, the positive attitude holding rate was 83.63% and the related health behavior formation rate was 78.48%. Knowledge score had significant difference (P <0.01 or P <0.05) among the registered permanent residence, education level, length of service, monthly income, type of work, medical insurance, working class and occupational health training group. (P <0.01 or P <0.05). There was significant difference in occupational age, weekly working day, occupational health training group between monthly and monthly work, work week, work intensity, occupational health training group There was statistical significance (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The factors that influence the score of knowledge are educational level, monthly income, medical insurance, occupational health training, influential attitude and behavioral score are the factors of seniority and occupational health training. Conclusion The overall awareness rate of occupational hazards among coal miners is low. In the future, we should focus on the training of people with low education level, low working age, low income, no medical insurance, and no occupational health training to enhance workers’ occupational health knowledge education .